Atrio-ventricular conduction disturbance due to Lyme carditis

Below is a case-study, one of the many where direct diagnostic methods, especially microscopy, played a vital role in providing proper treatment for a Lyme-patient: An active professional sportsman was admitted to our hospital with atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances. Purpose of admission was to insert a definitive pacemaker. During recording of the symptoms and patient history,…

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Bird–Borrelia Interactions: A Historical Review and Their Significance for Human Disease Ecology

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific understanding of bird–Borrelia interactions and their importance in the ecology of Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections. Drawing on more than a century of research, the authors trace the evolution of scientific knowledge from the earliest observations of Borrelia spirochetes to modern molecular and ecological…

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Borrelia Infection in Storks and Eagles from Hortobágy

A recently published study in the journal Animals provides important new evidence regarding the role of wild birds in the ecology of Lyme disease-causing bacteria. The research investigated the presence of Borrelia spirochetes in birds admitted to the Hortobágy Wild Bird Hospital and Sanctuary in Hungary and revealed surprisingly high rates of infection among several…

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Dark-field microscopy in Lyme borreliosis

Béla Pál Bózsik M.D. worked using classical dark-field microscopy, and realized there was a need for methods to distinguish between the spirochete and artefacts in the preparations. He has developed a reagent (DualDur), the blood sample is to be taken into this liquid. This reagent makes the other objects rigid and motionless and there are…

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DualDur reagent and method

The DualDur reagent and method was developed based on 30 years of experience in examining spirochetes, and diagnosing Lyme disease. The DualDur reagent will make it possible for the analyst in the laboratory analyzing blood samples to see only the spirochetes, 1,000x concentrated, alive and moving. This fact was confirmed by immunofluorescence and PCR. Countless investigations were carried out…

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IgM Results and Direct Diagnostics in Lyme Disease Testing

Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease remains one of the most complex areas among infections. In clinical practice, the most commonly used serological tests measure the immune system’s response, primarily through the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies. However, scientific literature emphasizes that the interpretation of these results is not always straightforward. What Does IgM Mean…

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Interview with Dr. Béla P. Bózsik

The following interview was posted on Lyme.no, the website of the Norwegian Lyme Borreliosis Association, in 2010. Dr. Bózsik is the inventor of DualDur and the leader of the Diagnostic & Therapeutic Workgroup of the Lyme Borreliosis Foundation, Hungary. 25 YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH LYME BORRELIOSIS Dr. Bela P. Bozsik is a Hungarian physician with a unique experience in…

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