Background This case involves a 17-year-old female athlete who lived near wooded areas and regularly participated in cross-country running and 400-meter hurdles. Until the onset of her symptoms, she had been healthy and highly active in sports. The First Symptoms Her health problems began in 2022 with increasing pain and stiffness in her legs. Over…
Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease remains one of the most complex areas among infections. In clinical practice, the most commonly used serological tests measure the immune system’s response, primarily through the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies. However, scientific literature emphasizes that the interpretation of these results is not always straightforward. What Does IgM Mean…
Accurate visualization of Borrelia spirochetes remains one of the most challenging aspects of Lyme disease research. While molecular and serological techniques are widely used, direct observation of living Borrelia organisms has historically been limited by the technical capabilities of conventional microscopy. A 2024 study published in Acta Microscopica presents the first application of an improved-resolution…
A recently published study in the journal Animals provides important new evidence regarding the role of wild birds in the ecology of Lyme disease-causing bacteria. The research investigated the presence of Borrelia spirochetes in birds admitted to the Hortobágy Wild Bird Hospital and Sanctuary in Hungary and revealed surprisingly high rates of infection among several…
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific understanding of bird–Borrelia interactions and their importance in the ecology of Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections. Drawing on more than a century of research, the authors trace the evolution of scientific knowledge from the earliest observations of Borrelia spirochetes to modern molecular and ecological…